Working conditions are conditions that can be prepared by the management of the company concerned at the factory established by the company (Ahyari, 1994).
According to Newstrom (2006) Work conditions relate to the scheduling of work-the length of work days and the time of day (or night) during which people work which more or less means that working conditions are related to scheduling of work, length of work in days and within a day or night as long as people work.
According to Munandar (2006), working conditions include physical work environment variables and long working conditions. It can be explained that these variables can influence workers’ attitudes and behavior factors that need to be considered in working conditions that are appropriate to a particular organizational situation including how the work is usually done, the characteristics of the workforce involved and the appropriate standard standard rules.
Komarudin, (2001) that work conditions or often referred to as work environments are psychological and physical social life in organizations that affect the work of employees in carrying out their duties.
Mangkunegara, (2005: 105) reveals that work conditions or work environment are all physical aspects of work, psychological work and work rules that can affect job satisfaction and achievement of work productivity.
Indicators of physical work conditions include lighting, air temperature, noise, color use, space needed, and job security (Ahyari, 1994).
- Lighting. The lighting must be in accordance with the needs, not too bright, but also not too dark. With a good lighting system, it is expected that employees will carry out their duties more thoroughly, so that employee errors in work can be minimized, which in turn will be able to increase company productivity.
- Air temperature. Air temperature or air temperature in the workspace of employees will also influence the performance of the employees concerned. The temperature is too hot for employees will be the cause of the decline in job satisfaction of employees so that it will cause errors in the implementation of the production process. To create a working space condition with good air exchange, it is done by installing ventilation. Besides that, it should be noted also the comparison between the area of a workspace and the number of employees working in the room. If necessary, air conditioner can also be installed which can help create cool and comfortable air conditions. If feelings of comfort and freshness can be created, then employees will feel job satisfaction, so they can improve their performance.
- Noise. In working, employees need an atmosphere that can support concentration in work. Noise sourced both from factory machinery and from public vehicles will be able to disturb the concentration of employees at work. With disturbed concentration, an employee will not be able to work well, so that he will make many mistakes in his work, which will ultimately harm the company.
- Use of color. The problem of color use in the workspace of company employees in general has not received proper attention by the company management. Actually the use of colors in the workspace, will have no small effect on the performance of company employees. Selection of bright colors will not necessarily be able to encourage employee productivity. Likewise, the dark color selection also does not necessarily reduce employee work productivity. Basically the color selection carried out by company management aims to be able to further clarify the observations of the company employees to the object of their work.
- Space needed. Company management needs to pay attention to adequate space in the company, so that employees can freely move well. Too narrow the available space will result in employees not being able to work properly. However, too much space will cause waste of company space. Therefore, company management certainly must be able to arrange the right plan for the space of each employee. With the right planning of the space needed by employees, the implementation of production will run well, and the company will not bear the consequences of waste in the space.
- Work security. Job security for employees is a very important factor that needs to be considered by the company. Safe working conditions will make employees calm in their work, resulting in an increase in company productivity. Good job security is not only the physical security of employees, but also the security of personal belongings of employees. With a good security system, it is expected that employees will be calm at work, so that it will improve their performance.
Sedarmayanti, (2001) that the condition of the work environment is broadly divided into two, namely:
a. Physical Work Environment Conditions
The physical work environment is all physical conditions found around the workplace that can affect employees directly or indirectly (Sedarmayanti, 2001).
This physical work environment is divided into two, including:
- Environment that is directly related to employees. For example: table, chair.
- An intermediary environment that can affect employee conditions. For example: air circulation, bad smell.
b. Condition of Non-Physical Work Environment
The non-physical work environment is all conditions that occur and are related to work relations, both relationships with superiors and relationships with fellow co-workers, or relationships with subordinates (Sedarmayanti, 2001).